Scandalous Content About the BOP – Update for October 12, 2023

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We post news and comment on federal criminal justice issues, focused primarily on trial and post-conviction matters, legislative initiatives, and sentencing issues.

LAST WEEK AT THE BOP

Now for BOP news from the prior week that is so scandalous that the administration at one unnamed federal prison (we’ll call it “FCI Englewood” for easy reference) banned the LISA Newsletter this week as a threat to institutional security.

banned231012

Hotline for Hazelton: The U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of West Virginia has set up a hotline for information related to civil rights abuses occurring at FCC Hazelton. The USAO is looking for information from witnesses or victims of physical assault while incarcerated at Hazelton.

The hotline number 1-855-WVA-FEDS and the email address is wvafeds@usdoj.gov.

shocked180619One inmate – a Hazelton alum but now at another facility – complained to me in an email on Monday that the domain “@usdoj.gov” is blocked on BOP mail servers. At his request, I forwarded his message to the ND West Virginia U.S. Attorney’s Office. An Assistant U.S. Attorney responded yesterday to tell me the issue was being looked into.

U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of West Virginia, Civil rights hotline created for federal prison in West Virginia (October 3, 2023)

National Alert Bags Phones: Cellphones held by prisoners in state and federal facilities were caught last week when a National Emergency Alert System test set off loud buzzing in the unlawfully possessed sets.

cellphone231012On Wednesday, cellphone users across the country received a loud alert from FEMA and the FCC to test the exchange of emergency messages at a national level. TMZ reports that COs at a New York State prison and FCI Coleman Low found cellphones buzzing from the emergency test.

The Daily Mail reported that “the test was conducted over a 30-minute window, meaning prisoners would have gotten the message if they turned their phones back on within the next 30 minutes.

Complex, Prisoners Across the United States Caught With Cell Phones During National Emergency Alert System Test (October 7, 2023)

Daily Mail, National emergency alert system ‘outed prisoners hiding phones and made them easy targets for guards’ after millions received message across the U.S. (October 7, 2023)

Take This Job… BOP COs are hoping the recent approval of retention bonuses will offer some relief to a workforce that’s been struggling for years.

Moneyspigot200220The Office of Personnel Management has approved pay bonuses amounting to 25% of annual for COs working in several BOP facilities nationwide. The retention incentive amounts to 25% of an employee’s base salary.

Brandy Moore White, president of Council 33 of the American Federation of Government Employees (representing over 30,000 BOP employees), welcomed the one-time bonuses, but warned that “the pay incentives won’t be enough to stave off massive, ongoing staffing challenges across the entire agency,” the Federal News Network reported. “I will be brutally honest,” she said. “I think they’re Band-Aids.”

Federal News Network, New 25% retention bonuses at Bureau of Prisons only a ‘Band-Aid’ for larger staffing issues (October 4, 2023)

Ernst Critical of BOP Sex Abuse Nonresponse: Sen Joni Ernst (R-IA) blasted BOP Director Colette Peters last week for failing to address prolonged safety and staffing concerns voiced by staff.

Last December, Ernst queried the agency about what it was doing to investigate allegations of sexual misconduct against staff at USP Thomson. In a follow-up letter sent October 4th, Ernst said “Last year, my letter sought numerous answers regarding your bureau’s plan to properly respond to the ongoing criminal activity occurring at USP Thomson… I am dismayed by BOP’s slow response to this situation and apparent lack of corrective action in preparation for future similar situations.”

Press Release from Sen. Jodi Ernst, Ernst Demands Answers on Sexual Misconduct at USP Thomson (October 4, 2023)

– Thomas L. Root

Elderly Offender Program Dies – Update for October 10, 2023

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LAW FORCES END OF ELDERLY HOME DETENTION PROGRAM

The Federal Bureau of Prisons’ Elderly Offender Home Detention pilot program (EOP) is over for now, Whether it will ever return is an open question.

okboomer231010Originally adopted as a pilot program in the Second Chance Act of 2007, the EOP was authorized at a single BOP facility only, permitting nonviolent offenders who were 66 years old to serve the final months of their sentences at home. The First Step Act expanded the program to the entire BOP system in 2018, allowing “offenders who are over 60 years of age, have served two-thirds of their sentence, are not convicted of a crime of violence, and do not have a history of escape to be placed on home confinement for the remaining portion of their sentence.”

A great idea: take nonviolent, unlikely-to-offend-again oldsters who are costing the BOP a ton of money for healthcare, and send them to home confinement. OK, Boomer!

But tucked into a corner of the EOP statute at 34 USC 60541(g)(3) was the limitation that the EOP would remain a “pilot program and shall be carried out during fiscal years 2019 through 2023.” Fiscal 2023 ended on September 30th.

By all accounts, the program worked well. Since 2018, the BOP has placed over 1,220 people at home under the program with no reports of new criminal conduct.

Writing in The Hill, former BOP Director Hugh Hurwitz noted a July 2022 Sentencing Commission study showed that the recidivism rate for people over 50 is less than half that of those under 50. “Under the pilot program,” Hurwitz wrote, “only those over 60 are considered, and they can’t have any history of violence, thus making their recidivism rate even lower.”

The Vera Institute of Justice reported six years ago that the cost of keeping older people locked up “is double that of housing younger ones, due to health care expenses.” Even a decade ago, the BOP spent a fifth of its budget on older inmates. The average prisoner age is up about 8% since then. “People serving time on home confinement see their own doctors (while being monitored electronically),” Hurwitz wrote, “and bear the costs themselves, saving taxpayers millions.”

notokboomer231010Walter Pavlo wrote in Forbes that “many are calling for EOP’s renewal. Budget constraints, administrative changes, and shifts in policy priorities left the EOP program hanging in the balance. This termination has raised concerns among advocates and experts who believe that the program’s end is a step in the wrong direction.”

Sadly, reauthorization of the program will require action by a Congress that is not producing much in the way of legislation and is awaiting reauthorization of a program that will send prisoners to home confinement – even a proven one that makes perfect sense – may have a long wait. In fact, I doubt that we will see the program return in the next five years.

Not OK, Boomer.

The Hill, Moving elderly prisoners home saves taxpayer dollars without sacrificing safety (September 27, 2023)

Forbes, Old and Facing Prison (October 7, 2023)

Dept of Justice, First Step Act Annual Report (April 2023)

Vera Institute, Aging Out (December 2017)

– Thomas L. Root

SCOTUS Tackles the ‘And/Or’ Debate in Pulsifer Case – Update for October 6, 2023

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SUPREMES HEAR ORAL ARGUMENT ON DRUG SENTENCING “SAFETY VALVE”

The Supreme Court opened its nine-month term last Monday hearing oral argument on the meaning of a First Step Act amendment to 18 USC § 3553(f), a subsection known as the “safety valve.”

Under the “safety valve” provision, judges could disregard mandatory minimum sentences for people convicted of certain nonviolent drug offenses who had limited criminal history and met a few other conditions.

andor210524At issue is how to interpret a part of the law that determines who is eligible for this provision, which could potentially lead to a shorter sentence. Three requirements under the provision involve prior criminal history, and the court is being asked to decide whether people no longer qualify if they meet one of these criteria — or if they must meet all three.

Mark Pulsifer pled guilty to one count of distributing 50 grams of methamphetamine and then sought application of the “safety valve.” To be eligible, a defendant cannot have “(A) more than 4 criminal history points… (B) a prior 3-point offense, as determined under the sentencing guidelines; and (C) a prior 2-point violent offense, as determined under the sentencing guidelines.”

At issue is whether “and” means “and.”

The government argues that “and” means “or,” so defendants are ineligible if they fail any of the three subparts. “It joins together three independently disqualifying conditions by distributing the phrase ‘does not have.’ That’s the only interpretation that avoids rendering the first subparagraph entirely redundant,” the Solicitor General’s attorney told the justices.

Pulsifer’s lawyer disagreed. “Letting the government get to ‘or’ when Congress said ‘and’ would encourage Congress to be sloppy with the most basic English words, leaving square corners far behind, and in the criminal context, where fairness matters most. The Court should hold Congress to what it wrote.”

words221110At oral argument, the justices spent most of their time parsing the grammar and conjunctions, trying to determine whether § 3553(f) uses the word “and” to join three eligibility criteria together or distributively across three independently disqualifying criteria. The government’s lawyer often appealed to a canon of construction rooted in “common sense,” a suggestion not that well received. “I don’t know that canon, but I guess it’s a good one,” Justice Neil Gorsuch quipped.

Pulsifer’s lawyer rejected it as well: “The government focuses a lot on common sense, but it’s common sense that if Congress wanted to say “or,” it would have said “or,” he contended. “It knew how to do that in other parts of this very sentence, of § 3553(f). The — Congress’s own drafting manual says to do so, and that would be the ordinary meaning — that would be the ordinary term to use in order to express the meaning that the government attributes to this statute.”

The court’s ruling may affect thousands of defendants with pending cases and those in federal prison. And how to read an ambiguous “and” may become important to a lot of zero-point people pretty soon, too.

zeropoints230420The Sentencing Commission’s retroactive zero-point amendment (USSG 4C1.1) goes into effect in a month. Section 4C1.1(a)(1) directs that an eligible defendant is one who “did not receive an adjustment under 3B1.1 (Aggravating Role) and was not engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise, as defined in 21 USC § 848.” Does this mean that no one with a 3B1.1 enhancement or who was convicted of a 21 USC § 848 continuing criminal enterprise is eligible? Or does it mean that you must have both a 21 USC § 848 conviction and a § 3B1.1 enhancement to be disqualified?

Ohio State University law professor Doug Berman wrote in his Sentencing Law and Policy blog that he suspected Pulsifer

will end up with a 5-4 vote in favor of the government’s proposed statutory interpretation that would restrict the reach of the First Step Act’s expansion of the statutory safety valve exception to drug mandatory minimum sentencing terms. But I would not entirely discount the possibility that the four Justices who seemed most favorable toward the defendant’s reading, particularly Justices Gorsuch and Jackson, might find a way to peel off a key fifth vote (especially since the Chief was pretty quiet throughout and Justice Kagan hinted toward the end that she might be less sure than she seemed at the outset).

Berman anticipates a decision in winter 2024, although he offers the chance that “this one might take quite a while if lots of Justices decide to write on lots of broader statutory interpretation topics (like the reach of the rule of lenity and/or the use of legislative history and/or corpus linguistics).”

New York Times, On First Day of New Term, Supreme Court Hears Debate Over First Step Act (October 2, 2023)

The Hill, Supreme Court opens term with case on prison terms for drug offenders (October 2, 2023)

Slate: The Supreme Court’s Oddest Pairing Comes Out Swinging on Behalf of Criminal Defendants (October 2, 2023)

Transcript of Oral Argument, Pulsifer v. United States, Case No. 22-340 (October 2, 2023)

Sentencing Law and Policy, Rounding up some accounts of lengthy SCOTUS oral argument in Pulsifer safety valve case (October 3, 2023)

– Thomas L. Root

‘Sexual Abuse Victims: We’ve Got Your Back!’ Said No BOP Official Ever – Update for October 5, 2023

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LEGAL ABUSE CONTINUES AFTER SEX ABUSE ENDS

The California office of a New York law firm announced last week that it had sued the Federal Bureau of Prisons alleging that 10 inmates were sexually assaulted while in BOP custody while housed at FCI Dublin. The action was brought under the Prison Rape Elimination Act.

Slater Slater Schulman LLP said at least 20 different BOP sex abuse perps have been identified by at least 92 former female inmates at FCI Dublin. And the lawyers are going after them.

rape230207However, a 6th Circuit decision last week suggests that holding the BOP liable for its employees’ sex crimes could be a hard sell.

L.C. (we’ll call her ‘Lonnie,’ not her real name) was in the BOP’s Residential Drug Abuse Program at FMC Lexington when her path crossed with Hosea Lee, a BOP RDAP instructor and serial rapist. When happened then was ugly and left Lonnie with a sexually transmitted disease. Hosea was eventually walked off the compound, arrested and convicted.

Lonnie was traumatized by being repeatedly raped and assaulted by a person she was powerless to resist. Eventually, she got medical treatment for herpes, at which time a BOP Health Services nurse told her that Harry had given herpes to all of his inmate victims. She said another BOP employee, a counselor, told her that Hosea had been reported to BOP officials a long time before she had been raped.

Lonnie sued the BOP under the Federal Tort Claims Act, arguing that the agency had a duty to protect inmates from serial rapist employees and it negligently failed to do so. To make clear how seriously the BOP takes its obligations to protect inmates from criminal sex acts of its own staff, the BOP argued in court that it had discretion whether to protect female inmates from sexual predator staff and anyway, Lonnie had not made a plausible claim that BOP management knew that Hosea liked to rape female inmates.

didnotknow231005Under the FTCA, a federal agency is immune from being sued for negligence if it is accused of not performing a function that is discretionary or grounded in policy. The district court held that investigating and taking action where the BOP has become aware of alleged misconduct is discretionary, so Lonnie’s FTCA suit had to be dismissed. Even if that were not so, the district court said, Lonnie’s negligence claim should be dismissed under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) because her complaint failed to “allege sufficiently” that the BOP knew or should have known of Hosea’s attacks.

Last week, the 6th Circuit left Lonnie with nothing. The Circuit agreed that BOP Program Statements impose a mandatory requirement that the first BOP official with “information concerning incidents or possible incidents of sexual abuse or sexual harassment,” report such information and investigate immediately. “These are mandatory regulations and policies that allow no judgment or choice,” the 6th said.

But Lonnie had not “plausibly alleged that BOP officials failed timely to report or investigate information that Lee may have been attacking women incarcerated at FMC before November 22, 2019,” the Court ruled. While Lonnie pointed to her allegation that a BOP told her that Hosea had been reported “a long time ago,” her complaint “provides no context for when the counselor made the statement, which limits our ability to draw inferences that the counselor herself knew of Lee’s attacks before November 22, 2019, or that the counselor later came to learn that others knew of his attacks before then. [Lonnie’s] allegation that a medical department staffer told her on February 18, 2020, that all of Lee’s victims had contracted herpes does not permit the inference that staff treated multiple other victims before November 22, 2019, and knew then that each person they were treating had contracted herpes because Lee had attacked them.”

bartsimpson231005The Circuit admitted that “there is of course a possibility that some BOP officials knew of Lee’s assaults before November 22, 2019, and failed to act on that information… With so many holes in the timeline in [Lonnie’s] allegations, we cannot plausibly draw the necessary inferences in a manner that satisfies the pleading standard.”

In an opinion piece appearing on CNN two weeks ago, US District Court Judge Reggie Walton (District of Columbia) wrote that a commission he served on heard from former prisoners who “described in detail to me and to my fellow commission members the abuse they endured while incarcerated, sometimes over many years. Some recounted how they were disbelieved, silenced or unofficially punished for speaking out and seeking help. The formerly incarcerated people who testified spoke of the guilt, shame and rage that consumed them after being sexually assaulted and how the abuse cast a shadow over their lives even years after they were released — trauma evident in their voices, on their faces and in the tears many shed.”

As the government made clear before the 6th Circuit, it will take any position necessary – even that the BOP is not liable if it knows its employees are raping prisoners – to avoid paying damages to those harmed by agency negligence.

PR Newswire, Approximately 250 Survivors of Sexual Assault File Lawsuits Against U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons and State of California For Being Sexually Assaulted by Correctional Staff While Incarcerated (September 27, 2023)

LC v. United States, Case No. 22-6105, 2023 U.S.App. LEXIS 25695 (6th Cir. September 28, 2023)

CNN, Opinion: Sexual assault should never be part of a prison term (September 17, 2023)

– Thomas L. Root

Do You Believe In The Time Reduction Fairy? – Update for October 3, 2023

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A WORD FROM OUR SPONSOR: “NO”

I had a reader ask me last week to yet again address the inmate rumor that Congress or the Sentencing Commission or the BOP or Time Reduction Fairy was putting together some kind of deal to give federal prisoners time off because of how miserable doing time was during COVID.

Our sponsor this week is Dr. No. He wants to remind people that no, no, no, there is NO plan in Congress, NO bill in Congress, NO idea being knocked around in Congress, and NO drug-addled delusion among legislators that federal inmates will get any time cut because they were serving a sentence during COVID.

timereductionfairy231003I’ve been here before. The 65% law, a year off for COVID, letting nonviolent people all do their time at home… I have taken swings at federal sentencing myths for a long time, it seems, and all for naught.

An across-the-board reduction in sentences could only come from Congress or the Time Reduction Fairy. Congress has no plans to do it. The Sentencing Commission has no proposal to do such a thing. The BOP is incapable of doing it. President Biden has the power to commute sentences, but then he has the power to pardon every federal prisoner with a stroke of his pen. His commutation record makes President Trump look profligate.

That leaves the Time Reduction Fairy. She would have such plans, if she were real.  But sadly, there’s no such thing as the Time Reduction Fairy.

– Thomas L. Root

SCOTUS Hears Argument Over Meaning of “And” in First Step Act – Update for October 2, 2023

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SUPREMES OPEN NEW COURT YEAR TODAY WITH ENGLISH LESSON

The Supreme Court opens its new 9-month term today with arguments in a case that considers what the meaning of the word “and” is in a provision of the First Step Act, an esoteric English lesson with real-world impact for thousands of federal prisoners.

meaningofisis231003Not since Bill Clinton told questioners that “it depends on what the meaning of ‘is’ is” has a simple word prompted such a dispute. What the justices decide could affect thousands of federal drug sentences each year. What’s more, it could affect thousands more seeking a retroactive zero-point reduction under the Guidelines.

First Step amended the 18 USC § 3553(f) “safety valve” that allows certain nonviolent drug offenders who plead guilty to avoid mandatory minimum sentences based in large part on their lack of significant criminal history. The statute says may qualify if he or she doesn’t have more than 4 criminal history points, a prior 3-point offense and a prior two-point violent offense.

The issue is whether having (1) more than four criminal history points, OR (2) a prior three-point offense OR (3) a prior two-point violent offense, will disqualify you, or whether you have to have (1) more than four criminal history points, AND (2) a prior three-point offense AND (3) a prior two-point violent offense – that is, all three to be disqualified. The courts of appeal are split, and thus, the Supreme Court has stepped in to settle the dispute.

confused230113The case, Pulsifer v. United States, is more than an exercise in sentence diagramming, a dubious talent I mastered and then forgot more than a half-century ago. Nearly 6,000 people convicted of drug trafficking in 2021 alone might be eligible for reduced sentences, according to the Sentencing Commission, if the Supremes agree that a defendant has to have all three to be disqualified. Ohio State University law professor Doug Berman told AP that more than 10,000 people sentenced since First Step took effect could be affected. He said Congress wrote the § 3553(f)(1) subsection in the negative so that a judge can exercise discretion in sentencing if a defendant “does not have” three sorts of criminal history.

In today’s Supreme Court case, Petitioner Mark Pulsifer argues that he has to have four criminal history points which include both a prior 3-point offense and a 2-point violent offense in order to lose the benefit of the safety valve. The government says just one of the three conditions – 4 points or a 3-point prior or a 2-point violent crime – is enough.

Berman told AP the language of the statute favors a broad reading favoring defendants. “But the concern about the broad reading is that it basically covers everybody. I think it’s right that that wasn’t Congress’ intent,” Berman said, echoing arguments made by judges who sided with prosecutors.

AP observes that Congressional intent may not matter: “On a court in which several justices across the ideological spectrum say they are guided by the words Congress chooses, with less regard for congressional intent, that might be enough to favor defendants.”

ambiguity221128How to read an ambiguous “and” may be important to a lot of zero-point people pretty soon. The Sentencing Commission’s retroactive zero-point amendment (USSG 4C1.1) goes into effect in a month. Sec 4C1.1(a)(1) directs that an eligible defendant is one who “did not receive an adjustment under § 3B1.1 (Aggravating Role) and was not engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise, as defined in 21 USC § 848.” Does this mean that no one with a § 3B1.1 enhancement or who was convicted of an 848 continuing criminal enterprise is eligible? Or does it mean that you must have both an 848 conviction and a 3B1.1 enhancement to be disqualified?

That all depends on the meaning of “and.”

Pulsifer v United States, Case No. 21-1609 (Supreme Court, Oral Argument October 2, 2023)

Forbes, Why Thousands Of Prisoners Could Be Spared Because Of A Supreme Court Case Over The Word ‘And’ (September 25, 2023)

AP News, The Supreme Court will hear a case with a lot of ‘buts’ & ‘ifs’ over the meaning of ‘and’ (September 24, 2023)

– Thomas L. Root

Ending the Summer With the Rocket’s Red Glare – Update for September 29, 2023

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rocket190620This weekend marks the end of summer, maybe not astronomically or meteorologically, but Monday the Supreme Court begins its next term, called “October Term 2023.”  Fall is here, but first, we’re going to end the summer with a short rocket:

DOES NOT COMPUTE

The BOP announced in late 2022 that it was developing a calculator to project the maximum number of earned-time credits – now being called FSA credits – a prisoner could earn at the outset of a sentence. That way, a prisoner would know upfront his or her projected release date and the date that halfway house or home confinement could begin.

notcompute230929You may have been skeptical, recalling that in 2022, the BOP promised monthly auto-calculation of FSA credits (with more launch dates than North Korea’s missile program) that never happened, either. August became September became October, then November, and finally January. Writing in Forbes magazine last week, Walter Pavlo reported that the BOP has likewise been unable to determine likely dates for prerelease custody, depriving inmates of benefits of FSA credits to which they are entitled by law because the BOP is unable to scramble to arrange halfway house or get residence approval for home confinement.

What’s worse, Pavlo reported, “there is no date for when this calculation issue will be addressed. Until then, prisoners continue to line up outside of their case manager’s office to plead their case that their release date is closer than what the BOP is calculating. As one prisoner told me, ‘My case manager said, ‘the computer tells your release date and it could be tomorrow, or next week, or next year, it does not matter to me. But I don’t have the ability to make that decision myself’.”

The BOP Office of Public Affairs told Pavlo that “credits cannot be applied to an individual’s projected release date until they are actually ‘earned.’ Further, as an individual can earn 15 days of time credits, and as there is no partial or prorated credit, it is feasible that earned credits could be greater than the number of days remaining to serve. However, the earned time credits are ‘in an amount that is equal to the remainder of the prisoner’s imposed term of imprisonment.’ Simply stated,” Pavlo said, “the credits are earned, and they cannot exceed the remaining time to serve at the point they are earned.”

bureaucracybopspeed230501The BOP’s position, according to Pavlo, is that “ordinarily, the applicability of time credits towards pre-release custody will be limited to time credits earned as of the date of the request for community placement. However, in an effort to ensure eligible adults in custody receive the maximum benefit, the agency is developing additional auto-calculation applications that will calculate a “Conditional FSA Release Date” and an “Earliest Conditional Pre-Release Date” which would include the maximum FTC benefit.”

Basically, the BOP is still trying to figure out how to implement a First Step program it knew about 5 years ago.

Forbes, Bureau of Prisons’ Challenges With First Step Act Release Dates (September 17, 2023)

rocket190620

SCHUMER MAY ADD CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROVISIONS TO NEWLY-REFERRED MARIJUANA BILL

Fresh from getting the Senate Senate Majority Leader Charles Schumer (D-NY) indicated yesterday that he may attach criminal justice reform language to the cannabis banking bill that just passed the Senate Banking Committee on Wednesday.

Speaking on the Senate floor, he said he was “really proud of the bipartisan deal we produced,” a reference to the Secure and Fair Enforcement Regulation Banking (SAFER) Act, S.1323. And while the legislation will be brought to a full Senate vote “soon,” Schumer promised to include “very significant criminal justice provisions” in it, Marijuana Moment reported.

Schumer didn’t say what those reforms might be noting he would “talk more about that at a later time.”

marijuana-dc211104“Attaching any additional provisions – let alone ones on criminal justice — could imperil SAFER‘s chances of winning Senate approval, according to the finance website Seeking Alpha. “Prior attempts to add criminal justice language into marijuana-related legislation has led to controversy.”

In May, Schumer said a marijuana banking bill would have social justice reforms and criminal expungement language attached. And in 2022, Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ) said he would favor a “SAFE Banking Plus” bill that includes criminal justice reforms.

Marijuana Moment, Schumer Touts Bipartisan ‘Momentum’ Behind Marijuana Banking Bill That He Plans To Bring To The Floor ‘Soon’ With More ‘Criminal Justice Provisions’ (September 28, 2023)

Seeking Alpha, Schumer indicates he may tie in criminal justice to marijuana banking bill (September 28, 2023)
rocket190620

$117 A DAY WON’T BUY YOU PERFORMANCE

Maybe that’s all the performance you can expect for $117 a day. That’s what the BOP said last week is the current average cost of incarceration based on fiscal year 2022 data. The average annual COIF for a Federal inmate housed in a halfway house for FY 2022 was $39,197 ($107.39 per day).

BOP, Annual Determination of Average Cost of Incarceration Fee (COIF), 88 FR 65405 (September 22, 2023)
rocket190620

HAZELTON BOP UNION SAYS EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS HOBBLE STAFFING AS SHUTDOWN LOOMS

Picket signs waved all day long last Friday as members of the FCC Hazelton local 420 union representing the prison say the staffing shortage has gotten so bad officers have to work 16-hour shifts 4 to 5 days a week, with stringent employment standards partly to blame.

Union President Justin Tarovisky says the prison is currently short-staffed by more than 80 corrections officers. He complained that the union held a recruiting event where they took in 60 applicants, but the BOP office in Grand Prairie, Texas, that oversees these applications has been disqualifying applicants for superficial reasons.

hazeltonpicket230929“A lot of that common sense hiring has left this agency,” Tarovisky told WDTV, a Weston, WV, television station. “They’re handcuffing these applicants that are applying and disqualifying them for simple errors and it’s not our staff that’s disqualifying them, we can’t even get them in the door to interview them because they’re being disqualified by people halfway across the country.”

There have been only 10 new staff hired at Hazelton this year despite the desperate need with some other prison staff members having to take on the duties of corrections officers. Tarovisky says the prison needs to be able to hire applicants directly to keep officers and community members safe.

The grueling hours are taking a toll on prison staff wellbeing and many are feeling the impact at home. A Dept of Justice Office of Justice Programs report in 2020 found that the suicide rate of corrections officers is seven times higher than the national average.

From the “You Think Things Are Bad Now” department: ABC News reports that all 34,537 BOP employees would still have to go to work if the government closes for lack of funding on Sunday, leaving them without a paycheck during the period of the shutdown.

“A shutdown is absolutely devastating for our members,” Brandy Moore-White, the president of CPL-33, told ABC News. “Not only do our members put their lives on the line every single day to protect America from the individuals incarcerated, but now they’re having to go out… and figure out how they’re going to pay their bills and how they’re going to feed their families.”

All government employees are guaranteed pay during the time of the shutdown, but that money is not paid until after the shutdown ends. If you’re living paycheck to paycheck, the promise of money next week does not buy you groceries today.

WDTV, Hazelton Prison corrections officers protesting hiring practices (September 22, 2023)

ABC News, Government shutdown would be ‘devastating’ for Bureau of Prisons employees (September 27, 2023)

– Thomas L. Root

Hair-Splitting on § 924(c) Sentence Stacking – Update for September 28, 2023

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6TH CIRCUIT REFUSES EN BANC ON STACKED § 924(C) SENTENCES

Sentencestack170404Tim Carpenter used a gun in a string of Hobbs Act robberies. He ended up with 105 years when he was sentenced before the First Step Act, which reduced mandatory minimum sentences for stacked 18 USC § 924(c) offenses. But Tim’s sentence was vacated because of errors, and he was not resentenced until after First Step became law.

First Step, if applied to Tim’s sentencing, would reduce his § 924(c) mm sentence from 105 to 25 years. But despite the First Step’s retroactivity provision extending its benefits to defendants awaiting sentencing, and despite Tim’s pre-FSA sentence being thrown out, a three-judge panel held that Tom had to be resentenced under the old version of the statute.

First Step § 403(b) provides that the new § 924(c) sentencing statute would apply to offenses committed before the Act “if a sentence for the offense has not been imposed as of such date of enactment.” The Circuit believes that if a defendant was sentenced for a § 924(c) offense before December 2018 – even if the sentence was vacated later – any new § 924(c) sentence would have to be imposed under the old law.

Last week, the 6th denied en banc review, although six judges wanted to revisit the issue. Judge Bloomekatz spoke for all dissenters in an opinion that some commentators think was an effort to get at least one Supreme Justice’s attention:

The real human costs that this esoteric legal issue presents also should not be overlooked. Because our circuit has split from every other to reach this issue, defendants in Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee will often have to serve decades longer sentences than those in most of the other states. Timothy Carpenter proves this point. His sentence is eighty years longer than it would be if he had been resentenced in the seventeen states that comprise the 3rd, 4th, and 9th Circuits. The resulting sentencing disparity… should give us pause enough to consider the decision as a full court. Indeed, the circuit split, the federal government’s position, the dissent from then-Judge Barrett in United States v. Uriate, and the dueling opinions on this en banc petition underscore that the scope of the retroactivity provision is far from clear.

Writing in his Sentencing Law and Policy blog, Ohio State University law professor Doug Berman said, “I am pretty sure this Timothy Carpenter has already served 10+ year in prisons, and so may soon be eligible for a reduction in sentence under the ‘unusually long sentences’ criteria in the U.S. Sentencing Commission’s proposed new [1B1.13] ‘Compassionate Release’ policy statement.”

circuitsplit220919In his legal blog, UCLA law prof Eugene Volokh said of the opinion, “The en banc denial—which garners two dissentals—solidifies a circuit split, so keep an eye on this one.”

United States v. Carpenter, Case No 22-1198 (6th Cir., September 18, 2023)

United States v. Uriate, 975 F.3d 596 (7th Cir. 2020)

Sentencing Law and Policy, Notable debate among Sixth Circuit judges as court turns down en banc review of “resentencing retroactivity” after FIRST STEP Act (September 20, 2023)

The Volokh Conspiracy, Short Circuit: A Roundup of Recent Federal Court Decisions (September 22, 2023)

– Thomas L. Root

Supremes Are Back From the Beach, Guideline Amendments Lurch Toward Effective Date – Update for September 26, 2023

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We post news and comment on federal criminal justice issues, focused primarily on trial and post-conviction matters, legislative initiatives, and sentencing issues.

PREVIEW OF COMING EVENTS

events230926With Congress careening toward a federal government shutdown (always bad news for BOP inmates), a freshly indicted Sen Bob Menendez (D-NJ) being pressured to quit, and about 300 military appointments being held up by Sen Tommy Tuberville (R-AL), it’s looking increasingly doubtful that Congress will do anything in the next 25 work days to block the Sentencing Guideline amendments from becoming effective on Nov 1.

Former Sentencing Commission attorney Mark Allenbaugh, founder of the website Sentencing Stats, has rolled out a web tool for people to use in order to determine whether they qualify for the retroactive zero-point Criminal History guidelines reduction (new USSG § 4C1.1). It can be found at https://www.zeropointoffender.com.

vacationSCOTUS180924Meanwhile, the Supreme Court returns to work after a 3-month vacation for its annual “long conference.” At today’s long conference, the Justices will decide which of some 950 petitions for writ of certiorari – about 15% of all petitions filed during the year – should be granted review.

“The summer list is where petitions go to die,” Gregory G. Garre, a solicitor general in the George W. Bush administration, told the New York Times back in 2015. While the odds of getting the Supreme Court to grant review of a case are about one in a hundred, at the long conference, the rate is roughly half of that, about 0.6%.

Zero Point Offender

The Hill, All eyes on ethics as Supreme Court justices return to Washington (September 26, 2023)

The New York Times, Supreme Court’s End-of-Summer Conference: Where Appeals ‘Go to Die’ (August 31, 2015)

– Thomas L. Root

NPR Newsflash! BOP Healthcare Driven by ‘Delay and Ignore’ – Update for September 25, 2023

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We post news and comment on federal criminal justice issues, focused primarily on trial and post-conviction matters, legislative initiatives, and sentencing issues.

NPR BLASTS SUBSTANDARD BOP HEALTHCARE

shocked191024In a revelation that will not shock a single prisoner in Bureau of Prisons custody, NPR reported last Saturday that the BOP has been misrepresenting the accreditation of its healthcare facilities while compiling a record of ignoring or delaying medical treatment – especially in cancer care – leading to needless inmate disability and death.

NPR said it had obtained hundreds of BOP records that showed, among other things, that over 25% of the almost 5,000 inmates who died in federal custody from 2009 to 2020 died in a single place: FCC Butner. According to NPR’s analysis, more BOP prisoners died of cancer than any other cause from 2009 to 2020.

NPR admits that more deaths at Butner are to be expected, given the complex includes FMC Butner, the system’s largest cancer treatment facility. However, NPR reported, it found

numerous accounts of inmates nationwide going without needed medical care. More than a dozen waited months or even years for treatment, including inmates with obviously concerning symptoms: unexplained bleeding, a suspicious lump, intense pain. Many suffered serious consequences. Some… did not survive. Too often, sources told NPR, federal prisons fail to treat serious illnesses fast enough. When an ailment like cancer is caught, the BOP often funnels these sick inmates to a place like Butner, where it is assumed they’ll receive more specialized treatment. But by the time prisoners access more advanced care, it’s sometimes too late to do much more than palliative care. What’s more, current and former inmates and staff at Butner told NPR the prison has issues of its own, including delays in care and staffing shortages.”

The NPR report caught the BOP in a falsehood. The agency says on its website that “Federal Medical Centers (FMCs) are accredited by the Joint Commission,” the nation’s leading healthcare accreditation agency. But NPR said that was untrue, that in fact, the BOP’s certification lapsed two years ago. When confronted, a BOP spokesperson said that regardless of the lapsed accreditation, the agency adheres to Joint Commission standards.

dirtykitchen230925You know: “Our kitchen may not have been inspected by the health department, but we assure you it’s clean…”

Sources NPR interviewed say federal inmates — “a group with a constitutional right to health care yet without the autonomy to access it on their own,” NPR said — are dying more often than they should. “Deaths in custody should be rare events, given that this is such a controlled environment,” says Michele Deitch, director of the University of Texas at Austin’s Prison and Jail Innovation Lab. “Are there preventable deaths happening in the BOP? The answer to that is clearly yes.”

NPR quoted an anonymous BOP medical staff member at Butner who said she has heard stories like theirs “so many times… So many inmates have told me, ‘I complained about this lump, or I complained about this pain for so long, and they only gave me cream, they only gave me Motrin, they never sent me out for tests or anything. Now they send me here and I have Stage 3 or Stage 4 cancer. Our question is always: What took them so long to get to us, and why did they send them to us when there’s nothing that we can do?”

DrNoBOPHealth230925Art Beeler, a former Butner warden, told NPR it was hard to see inmates arrive at the FMC with late-stage cancer. “It did not happen every day or even every week, but there were cases we received late, and every one of them was frustrating,” Beeler said. “If we received someone who had Stage 4 prostate cancer, who showed indicators early on in the process, we were very frustrated… We knew more than likely the patient would live if they had received treatment early on.”

In March 2022, the Dept of Justice Inspector General audited the BOP’s contract with one of the contractors providing some of the medical services at Butner. The report found the BOP “did not have a reliable, consistent process in place to evaluate timeliness or quality of inmate healthcare.”

The IG report also noted “challenges in transporting inmates to off-site appointments which resulted in a frequent need to reschedule appointments that could delay an inmate’s healthcare.” The contractor told the Inspector General that their staff spent a “significant amount of time” canceling and rescheduling inmate appointments.”

“We believe it is difficult for the BOP to determine whether inmates are receiving care within the required community standard,” the report noted.

Delshon Harding, president of the local union representing Butner officers, told NPR he believes staff shortages are the primary reason inmates go without essential care.

healthbareminimum220603A report issued last week by three federal agencies – including DOJ – concurs. The report found that as of March 2022, 89% of all BOP facilities had one or more clinical position vacancies. Thirteen prisons lacked any staff medical officer. The report noted that “although direct patient care responsibilities can be covered by mid-level practitioners, these types of critical vacancies may require the BOP to bring in staff from other locations on temporary duty assignments, or to use short-term emergency contracts to fill the gaps.”

The report found that only 69% of BOP medical officer positions were filled.

NPR, 1 in 4 inmate deaths happens in the same federal prison. Why? (September 23, 2023)

BOP, Medical Care (last visited September 23, 2023)

Dept of Justice, Audit of the Federal Bureau of Prisons Comprehensive Medical Services Contracts Awarded to the University of Massachusetts Medical School (March 2022)

Veterans Administration, Review of Personnel Shortages in Federal Health Care Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic (September 21, 2023)

– Thomas L. Root