Tag Archives: death penalty

Risk of COVID Interrupts Death For A Bit – Update for January 14, 2021

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We post news and comment on federal criminal justice issues, focused primarily on trial and post-conviction matters, legislative initiatives, and sentencing issues.

HOW BAD IS COVID?

Despite the 11th-hour Supreme Court petitions, the celebrity protests, the scathing editorials, nothing has stopped the Trump Administration’s headlong rush to execute federal inmates. Thirteen have been executed this century, 10 of them in the last six months.

Then came COVID.

President-elect Joe Biden has promised to halt the lethal injections, but three more were scheduled to die this week until last Tuesday, when SD Indiana Judge Jane Magnus-Stinson ruled that the federal government’s poor management of the previous 10 executions “has created a substantial risk” that other inmates and staff may contract the virus.

The judge got promptly overruled by higher-ups, so the death march continued with killing Lisa Montgomery two days ago. The government plans on doing in two more inmates between today and next Wednesday at noon, when the new President stops it.

executionwoman21011For the BOP to be able to carry out the remaining executions, the judge ruled, it has to create a contact log that tracks staff who come into close contact with others during the execution process. For 14 days after the execution, execution staff have to take daily rapid COVID-19 tests, and anyone who produces a positive test must go through contact tracing. “The defendants have touted the availability of testing but have chosen not to utilize rapid testing of staff and visitors who enter prison grounds,” the judge wrote. “Most disconcerting, the defendants represented to the Court that contact tracing would occur after any BOP staff member involved in the executions tested positive. This has not been the case—and the Court finds the failure was not by accident but by design.”

COVID might have been stymied at stopping the intentional killing, but it remains adept at bringing death to inmates. The number of dead inmates hit 198 last Friday. Inmate COVID cases fell 25% between Dec 31 and last Wednesday, but then jumped back up to 6,227 as of Friday. They started falling again (as the BOP continues to declare anyone who tested positive 10 days ago to be cured), settling at 5,043 yesterday.

Ominously, BOP staff cases continue to climb. The number crossed  2,000 for the first time ever last week, and stood at 2,107 yesterday. If the staff keeps getting sick, more inmates invariably will contract it as well.

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As of yesterday, FCI Ft Dix reported 461 cases, with Lexington (444 cases), Butner Medium II (208 cases) and nine other facilities with more than 100 cases each, with 19 more having 50 or more cases.

The BOP’s vaccine program is not going all that well. Government Executive reported last week that the Bureau “has received just 12,800 vaccine doses, but has already used 57% of those.” The BOP has distributed the vaccine to only 31 of its roughly 150 facilities. COs and health care workers are receiving the vaccine in the BOP’s first phase of distribution, although some inmates have gotten vaccines when stocks remained after all employees who elected to get vaccinated had been served. Only about “half of staff at each of the 31 facilities receiving vaccines have so far been vaccinated, according to Justin Long, a bureau spokesman. Inmates will begin receiving doses when more become available under a plan developed by the Trump administration’s Operation Warp Speed, Long said.”

Meanwhile, a national debate is brewing over whether inmates should be inoculated before the general population. Health officials say inoculating prison employees without giving the shot to prisoners won’t help stop the spread. “It doesn’t make sense to vaccinate workers but not vaccinate the people they are charged with protecting,” said Wanda Bertram, a spokeswoman for the Prison Policy Initiative, which is advocating that staff and inmates receive the vaccine.

nothing170125But a typical reaction came from Colorado Gov. Jared Polis, a Democrat, who said last month, “There’s no way it’s going to go to prisoners before it goes to people who haven’t committed any crime.”

Meanwhile, the Minnesota ACLU accused FCI Waseca staff of showing deliberate indifference to inmates during a massive COVID-19 outbreak in a hearing last Wednesday. The ACLU represents a plaintiff class of inmates seeking a temporary injunction to release many Waseca inmates to home confinement to curb the spread of the outbreak.

ACLU lawyer Clare Diegel called it a “drastic remedy” but necessary because of “terrifying” conditions at the prison. But Erin Secord, an AUSA representing the BOP, insisted the prison had taken numerous steps to protect inmates, the infections had been quelled and the court lacked jurisdiction to release prisoners. She said the suit should be dismissed.

control200511The president of a union representing employees at FCI Williamsburg in South Carolina last week blamed prison leadership for decisions that led to skyrocketing COVID-19 cases there. ”They made some changes on the process of what we were doing… that allowed COVID to actually walk into the institution,” American Federation of Government Employees’ Local 525 President Stephen Pinckney said. “From there, it spread like wildfire once it got in.”

Pinckney alleged that the process of screening people entering the complex to determine whether they had potential symptoms of COVID-19 symptoms was shifted from outside the facility to inside in early December. “I really would like to see our executive staff removed for one thing because they are more concerned right now on the financial side of the institution that they are about the health and wellbeing of staff there,” Pinckney said.

Indianapolis Star, Terre Haute executions paused by judge until COVID-19 measures are instituted (January 8, 2021)

Government Executive, Federal Agencies Have Distributed 200K Coronavirus Vaccine Doses So Far (January 4, 2021)

Wall Street Journal, As Covid-19 Surges in Jails, Guards Want Vaccine Early (January 4, 2021)

WCSC-TV, Charleston, South Carolina, Prison workers union calls for action on COVID-19 outbreak at FCI Williamsburg (January 8, 2021)

– Thomas L. Root

Turkey Gobbles Up Trump’s Last Pardon? – Update for November 25, 2020

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We post news and comment on federal criminal justice issues, focused primarily on trial and post-conviction matters, legislative initiatives, and sentencing issues.

TRUMP ISSUED NEW PARDON YESTERDAY… OF A TURKEY

Thanksgiving week is the traditional time for the President of the United States to “pardon” a turkey or two… and this week was no exception. Yesterday, President Trump – absent any appreciation for irony of having ordered five executions before he leaves office in two months – pardoned turkeys Corn and Cob. “We hope — and we know it’s going to happen — that Corn and Cob have a very long, happy and memorable life,” Trump said.

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Politico noted that “turkeys pardoned at the White House are bred for slaughter and are often too unhealthy to support long lifespans. Most die a few months after getting pardoned.” They will still outlive five federal inmates, including one woman, scheduled to be executed by lethal injection at the US Penitentiary in Terre Haute over the next 60 days. It is irregular for an administration to execute prisoners during its lame-duck period, rather than to let the incoming administration make its own decisions on the matter.

The Presidential pardon-fest every Thanksgiving Week has its owen rituals. “The turkeys will be given silly names (past recipients have included birds named Mac and Cheese), some children and White House staffers will look on, and there will be forced jokes and stiff laughter,” law professor and pardon expert Mark Osler complained last year.

We still get requests from people on where to find clemency applications and questions about how to write them. To be blunt, pardon and commutation petitions make sense only if an inmate has exhausted all other avenues for relief and has plenty of extra postage to waste.

That sentiment is shared by Osler and New York University law professor Rachel Barkow, a former Sentencing Commission member. Last week, they wrote about how, for all of the talk Trump’s 44 commutations issued in the past four years have caused, he “has exercised this presidential power rarely.” All but five of his grants were to people connected to him politically or championed by celebrities. Indeed, Trump’s early grant of a pardon to Arizona sheriff Joe Arpaio energized Trump’s political opponents in Arizona and may have cost him enough voters to lose the state.

presidential_pardon_thanksgiving_tile_coasterTrump used a Super Bowl ad to highlight his grant of clemency to Alice Marie Johnson, whose case was pushed on him by Kim Kardashian. Earlier this year, he fully pardoned her — and she was a featured speaker at the Republican National Convention. Barkow and Osler wrote, “Treating clemency as made-for-TV fodder, and plucking out a few cases that the campaign hoped had compelling narratives, is disappointing. More than 13,000 petitions are moldering in the bureaucratic maze of the clemency process, even as covid-19 ravages U.S. prison populations.”

The authors worry that “people will focus on Trump’s inappropriate grants and conclude that the clemency power needs to be limited — instead of focusing on the many people still waiting for a decision. This raises two issues: Any legislation to limit the clemency power is likely to be found unconstitutional. This approach also gets the problem backward: Clemency must be expanded, not limited, because there are so many people serving disproportionately long federal sentences who have no hope for relief other than presidential clemency.”

clemency170206Biden’s major competitors in the primaries all endorsed the idea of taking clemency out of the hopelessly conflicted Justice Department and establishing a bipartisan board. That proposal was included in the Democratic Party platform. It must be implemented — and soon. The overstuffed clemency pipeline is about to burst.”

Last week, the Prison Policy Initiative urged President-elect Biden to “use the president’s clemency power to release people convicted of nonviolent drug crimes. A President Biden,” the Initiative wrote, “willing to use clemency in a broad, sweeping manner could significantly reduce the federal prison population — without needing to consult Congress. But if President-elect Biden spends too much time reviewing clemency applications to avoid all possible risk, it’s unlikely that he will make a big impact.”

Politico, Trump pardons Corn the turkey as a finishing White House act (November 25)

Washington Post, Trump abused the clemency power. Will Biden reform it? (November 16)

Prison Policy Initiative, The promise — and peril — of Biden’s criminal justice reform platform (November 13)

– Thomas L. Root

Death, SWAT and Smokes: A Quick Trip Around the BOP – Update for June 23, 2020

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We post news and comment on federal criminal justice issues, focused primarily on trial and post-conviction matters, legislative initiatives, and sentencing issues.

NEWS FROM AROUND THE BOP

Deadly Business: The Dept. of Justice last week set new dates to begin executing federal death-row inmates following a months-long legal battle over the plan to resume executions, which have been on hold since 2003 .

death200623Attorney General William Barr directed the BOP to schedule the executions, beginning in mid-July at USP Terre Haute, of four inmates convicted of killing children. Three of the men had been scheduled to die last year, when Barr ended an informal moratorium on capital punishment.

Congress Queries BOP: House of Representatives Homeland Security Chairman Bennie Thompson (D-Mississippi) last week asked the BOP for details about whether agency officers who helped police the Washington, DC, protest have been quarantined or tested for COVID-19 before returning to work.

Thompson, who joined with Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-Illinois), Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-Maryland) and Sen. Cory Booker (D-New Jersey), noted that some BOP officials deployed to the protest — part of a display of force demanded by President Trump — came from FCI Petersburg, in Hopewell, Virginia (site of a significant coronavirus outbreak), yet were seen without wearing masks.

IG Out of SORTS with BOP: The DOJ Inspector General last week issued a report last week recommending that BOP Special Operations Response Teams (SORT) be suspended until comprehensive guidelines are developed.

cops200623BOP institutions maintain their own SORTs. A typical Special Operations and Response Teams has 15 members, including an emergency medical treatment specialist, a firearms instructor, a rappel master, a security/locking systems expert, a blueprint expert, and several firearms and tactical planning/procedures experts. As of 2013, the Bureau maintained 44 SORTs involving more than 700 BOP staff. 

The DOJ Inspector General wrote, “SORT members deployed a distraction device munition in a confined space, which was not authorized for use under BOP policy; SORT members deployed real OC spray rather than inert OC spray during a training exercise, allegedly without proper authorization; and SORT members used force, including firing a simunition round, against staff members who were allegedly yelling to the SORT that they were ‘out of role’ and physically vulnerable… BOP policies we reviewed did not clearly specify the types of weapons, less than lethal weapons, and munitions, if any, that are authorized for use during BOP training exercises; and did not provide safeguards to ensure that exercises are conducted safely.”

cigarette200623BOP CO Gets Charged: The US Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Pennsylvania announced on June 10 that a former correctional officer at FCI Schuylkill was charged on June 9 with bribery and corruption. The criminal information filed by the USAO alleged that between 2011 and 2016, the CO had smuggled tobacco into FCI Schuylkill in exchange for payments by prisoners.

AP, New dates set to begin federal executions (June 15, 2020)

Politico, Dems ask Bureau of Prisons for coronavirus update on staffers who manned protests (June 15, 2020)

DOJ Inspector General, Management Advisory Memorandum of Concerns Identified During Mock Exercises by Federal Bureau of Prisons Special Operation Response Teams (June 18, 2020)

Special Ops Magazine, Special Operations and Response Teams (SORT) (Jan. 2013)

DOJ, Former FCI Schuylkill Correctional Officer Charged In Bribe Scheme to Provide Tobacco to Inmates (June 10, 2020)

– Thomas L. Root

Unjust Sentence is an “Extraordinary and Compelling” Reason for Sentence Reduction, District Court Says – Update for November 18, 2019

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We post news and comment on federal criminal justice issues, focused primarily on trial and post-conviction matters, legislative initiatives, and sentencing issues.

DISTRICT COURT GRANTS SENTENCE REDUCTION BECAUSE OF “INJUSTICE” OF ORIGINAL SENTENCE

Since the First Step Act passed 11 months ago, a number of observers (me included) have predicted that changes in the 18 USC § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i) sentence reduction procedures that let a defendant petition the district court directly if the Bureau of Prisons failed to do so could be the most consequential provision in the new law.

Sentencestack170404Last week, a district court in Nebraska granted a sentence reduction filed by a defendant whose whopping 895-month sentence for drug trafficking and three stacked 18 USC § 924(c) counts. As you recall,  § 924(c) conviction adds a consecutive sentence of at least five years for using or carrying a gun during a drug or violent crime, increasing to a minimum 25 years for a subsequent offense. Due to poor draftsmanship, the statute has been applied so that if a defendant sold pot while carrying a gun on Monday, did it again on Tuesday and again on Wednesday, and then was caught, he or she would face maybe 41 months or so for the pot sales, but a mandatory additional time of five year, 25 years and 25 years, for a whopping 58 years plus in prison. The First Step Act clarified the statute, so that the 25 year subsequent 924(c) offense had to be committed after conviction for a prior offense.

However, to appease the Sen. Tom Cottons (R-Arkansas) of the world, the First Step change was not retroactive. That left a lot of people stranded with unconscionable sentences. People like Jerry Urkevich.

The government opposed Jerry’s sentence reduction motion, arguing that just because he could not have gotten more than 368 months after First Step passed does not make his sentence reduction motion argument “extraordinary and compelling” (as required by the statute). Furthermore, the government argued, even if the defendant’s sentence were cut, he would still have about half of it to serve, making his motion “premature.”

extraordinary191118The court rejected the government’s arguments, noting that the list of “extraordinary and compelling reasons” in Guideline 1B1.13 Note 1 that justify a sentence reduction is not exclusive. Instead, there is a catch-all provision providing that there can be an “extraordinary and compelling reason” other than medical, age or family. That, the judge said, allows a court to consider § 3553(a) factors, as well as criteria in the Sentencing Commission’s policy statement.

Although the Sentencing Commission has not amended 1B1.13 since First Step passed, the court said it “infers that the Commission would apply the same criteria, including the catch-all provision… and that this Court may use Application Note 1(D) as a basis for finding extraordinary and compelling reasons to reduce a sentence.” Here, the court said, a reduction in sentence was warranted by “the injustice of facing a term of incarceration forty years longer than Congress now deems warranted for the crimes committed.”

The court also rejected the government’s strange and unsupported argument that a sentence reduction cannot be granted unless it results in immediate release. “If this Court reduces the defendant’s sentences on [two 924(c) counts] to 60 months each, consecutive,” the judge wrote, “he will not be eligible for immediate release. His sentence would total 368 months, and he would have served somewhat more than half that sentence. Nonetheless, the Court does not consider the Motion premature. A reduction in the sentence at this juncture will help the defendant and the Bureau of Prisons plan for his ultimate release from custody and may assist him in his pending efforts to seek clemency from the Executive Branch.”

In his Sentencing Law and Policy blog, Ohio State University law professor Doug Berman wrote, “I have made much of a key provision of the First Step Act which now allows federal courts to directly reduce sentences under the (so-called compassionate release) statutory provisions of 18 USC § 3582(c)(1)(A) without awaiting a motion by the Bureau of Prisons. I see this provision as such a big deal because I think, if applied appropriately and robustly, this provision could and should enable many hundreds, and perhaps many thousands, of federal prisoners to have excessive prison sentences reduced.)”

While not precisely a matter of § 3582(c) sentence reduction, the Washington Post reported last week that hundreds of relatives of murder victims, current and former law enforcement officials and former judges have signed letters urging the Trump administration to call off plans to resume federal executions next month.

death170602The letters, signed by current and former officials across the justice system as well as 175 relatives of murder victims, plead with President Trump and Attorney General William P. Barr to stop the executions, which Barr announced last summer that the Trump administration would resume on Dec. 9. The Justice Dept. said five executions were scheduled in the next two months and that more would follow.

Victims’ relatives — the largest single group to sign the letters — denounced the death penalty process as wasteful and something that only extends their grieving. “We want a justice system that holds people who commit violence accountable, reduces crime, provides healing, and is responsive to the needs of survivors,” they write. “On all these measures, the death penalty fails.”

United States v. Urkevich, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 197408 (D.Neb. Nov. 14, 2019)

Sentencing Law and Policy, Another District Court finds statutory sentence reform among “extraordinary and compelling reasons” for reducing sentence by 40 years under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A) (Nov. 16)

Washington Post, Hundreds of victims’ relatives, ex-officials ask Trump administration to halt federal executions (Nov. 12)

– Thomas L. Root